簡(jian)婷(ting)

安(an)科瑞(rui)電(dian)氣股份有限公司 上海嘉定  201801

摘 要：交流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁俗稱“慢充(chong)樁"，固(gu)定(ding)安(an)裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)外、與交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連接，國(guo)標采用 220V單相交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)車(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機（即固(gu)定(ding)安(an)裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)上的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機）提供交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)。國(guo)家(jia)標準GB51348-2019中規定(ding)儲備倉庫、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等場所的(de)末端回路(lu)應設置(zhi)限流(liu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)防(fang)火保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)防(fang)火限流(liu)式保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)可以(yi)克服傳統斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)、空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)開關和監(jian)控設備存在的(de)短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大、切斷(duan)短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)間長、短(duan)路(lu)時(shi)產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧火花大，以(yi)及(ji)使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)短(duan)等弊端，當發(fa)生(sheng)短(duan)路(lu)故障時(shi)，能以(yi)微(wei)秒(miao)級速度(du)快速限制短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)以(yi)實(shi)現滅弧保護(hu)(hu)，從而能顯著減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)火災事(shi)故，保障使(shi)(shi)用場所人(ren)員和財產的(de)安(an)全。

Abstract: AC charging pile, commonly known as "slow charging pile", is fixedly installed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC grid. The national standard adopts 220V single-phase alternating current on the power supply device that provides AC power on-board chargers for electric vehicles (that is, the chargers that fixedly installed on electric vehicles). The national standard GB51348-2019 stipulates that it should be equipped with current-limiting electrical fire protection devices in the places for reserve warehouses, electric vehicle charging and so on. Electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors can effectively overcome the disadvantages such as high current during short-circuit, long time to cut off short-circuit current, large arc sparks generated during short-circuit, and short service life of the traditional circuit breakers like air switches and monitoring equipments.When a short-circuit fault occurs,it can quickly limit the short-circuit current at a microsecond speed to achieve arc extinguishing protection, which can significantly reduce electrical fire accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and property on site.

關鍵詞：電(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁；交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁；充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁配電(dian)箱；慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)樁；短(duan)路保護；電(dian)氣(qi)防火(huo)

Keywords: electric vehicle charging pile; AC charging pile; charging pile distribution box; slow charging pile; short-circuit protection; electrical fire protection

0 行業背景

      隨著世(shi)界(jie)的發(fa)展，環境保護成為整個人類命運共(gong)同體(ti)的任(ren)務。新能源(yuan)車因(yin)為沒(mei)有尾氣(qi)排放，不會(hui)產生一(yi)氧(yang)化碳，二氧(yang)化碳，氮氧(yang)化合物等(deng)有害(hai)物質(zhi)，沒(mei)有噪聲污染(ran)，對環境污染(ran)較小，各國也為此提供(gong)優惠政策鼓(gu)勵電動車科技的普及。

      With the development of the world, environmental protection has become the task of the human community with a shared future. Because new energy vehicles have no exhaust emissions, no harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, no noise pollution, and less environmental pollution, governments around the world also provide preferential policies to encourage the popularization of electric vehicle technology.

      交流充電樁俗稱“慢充樁"，固定安裝在電動汽車外、與交流電網連接，國標采用 220V 單相交流電，為電動汽車車載充電機（即固定安裝在電動汽車上的充電機）提供交流電源的供電裝置。交流充電樁只提供電力輸出，沒有充電功能，需連接車載充電機為電動汽車充電，只起到控制電源的作用的。其采用符合國標的交流充電模式，輸出功率不高于 7kW，一般車輛電池從 0 到充滿需要 5-8 小時，具體情況視不同車型動力電池容量及實際充電功率而定。

      AC charging pile, commonly known as "slow charging pile", is fixedly installed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC grid. The national standard adopts 220V single-phase alternating current on the power supply device that provides AC power on-board chargers for electric vehicles (that is, the chargers that fixedly installed on electric vehicles). The AC charging pile only provides power output and has no charging function. It needs to be connected to the on-board charger to charge the electric vehicle, which only plays the role of controlling the power source. It adopts an AC charging mode that conforms to the national standard, and the output power is not higher than 7kW. Generally, it takes 5-8 hours for a vehicle battery to be fully charged from 0. The specific situation depends on the capacity of the power battery of different models and the actual charging power.

      對于電動車充電樁，國家標準GB51348-2019《民用建筑電氣設計標準》中13.5.5規定，儲備倉庫、電動車充電等場所的末端回路應設置限流式電氣防火保護器。

      For electric vehicle charging piles, the national standard GB51348-2019 《Civil Building Electrical Design Standards》13.5.5 stipulates that it should be equipped with current-limiting electrical fire protection devices in the places for reserve warehouses, electric vehicle charging and so on.

1 產品介紹

      ASCP系列電氣防火限流式保護器是安科瑞專門為了保護低壓配電線路中短路、過載等問題研發，可以克服傳統斷路器、空氣開關和監控設備存在的短路電流大、切斷短路電流時間長、短路時產生的電弧火花大，以及使用壽命短等弊端，當發生短路故障時，能以微秒級速度快速限制短路電流以實現滅弧保護，從而能顯著減少電氣火災事故，保障使用場所人員和財產的安全。

      The ASCP series of electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors are specially developed by Acrel to protect short-circuit and overload problems in low-voltage power distribution lines. It can effectively overcome the disadvantages such as high current during short-circuit, long time to cut off short-circuit current, large arc sparks generated during short-circuit, and short service life of the traditional circuit breakers like air switches and monitoring equipments. When a short-circuit fault occurs,it can quickly limit the short-circuit current at a microsecond speed to achieve arc extinguishing protection, which can significantly reduce electrical fire accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and property on site.

      ASCP系列電氣防火限流式保護器可廣泛應用于學校、醫院、商場、賓館、娛樂場所、寺廟、文物建筑、圖書館、檔案室、會展、住宅、倉庫、幼兒園、老年人建筑、集體宿舍、電動車充電站及租售式商場商鋪、批發市場、集貿市場、甲乙丙類危險品庫房等各種用電場所末端干、支路的線路保護。

      The ASCP series of electrical fire protection current-limiting protectors can be widely used in the protection of main and branch line in various places where electricity is used,such as schools, hospitals, shopping malls, hotels, entertainment venues, temples, cultural relics, libraries, archives, exhibitions, residences, warehouses, kindergartens, elderly buildings, dormitories, Electric vehicle charging stations and leased-for-sale shopping malls, wholesale markets, bazaars, dangerous goods warehouses for Class A, B, and C, and so on.

      對于電動汽車充電站中采用集中配電箱的情況，使用ASCP500-40B系列多回路限流式保護箱。既簡化了安裝，也比較美觀實用。產品如下圖所示。

      For the case of using a centralized distribution box in an electric vehicle charging station, it is recommended to use the ASCP500-40B series of multi-circuit current-limiting protective boxes. It not only simplifies the installation, but also can be more beautiful and practical. The product is showed below.

2 功能介紹

2.1短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)保護(hu)功能。保護(hu)器(qi)實時監測4/6個用電線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電流，當線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)發生短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)故(gu)障時，能在(zai)150微秒內實現(xian)快速限流保護(hu)，并發出聲光(guang)報警信(xin)號(hao)。

The function of Short-circuit protection. The protector monitors the current of 4/6 power lines in real time. When a short-circuit fault occurs, it can achieve rapid current-limiting protection within 150 microseconds and send out sound and light alarm signal.

2.2過載保(bao)(bao)護功能。當被保(bao)(bao)護線路(lu)的電流(liu)過載且過載持續時間超(chao)過動作時間（3~60秒可設）時，保(bao)(bao)護器啟(qi)動限流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護，并發出聲(sheng)光報警(jing)信號(hao)。

The function of overload protection. When the current of the protected circuit is overloaded and the duration of the overload exceeds the action time (3~60 seconds can be set), the protector will start the current-limiting protection and send out sound and light alarm signal.

2.3表內超溫(wen)保(bao)護(hu)功能。當保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)內部(bu)器(qi)件工(gong)作溫(wen)度(du)過高時，保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)實施超溫(wen)限流保(bao)護(hu)，并發出聲光報警(jing)信號(hao)。

The function of over-temperature protection in the meter. When the operating temperature of the internal components of the protector is too high, the protector implements over-temperature and current-limiting protection and sends out sound and light alarm signal

2.4過欠(qian)壓保(bao)護功(gong)能。當保(bao)護器檢測到線路電壓欠(qian)壓或過壓時，保(bao)護器發出聲光報警(jing)信(xin)號(hao)，可預先設置是否(fou)啟動限流保(bao)護。

The function of Over-voltage protection. When the protector detects undervoltage or overvoltage of the line voltage, the protector sends out sound and light alarm signal, and it can be set in advance whether to activate current-limiting protection.

2.5漏電流監測功能。當(dang)被監測的線路(lu)漏電超過報警(jing)設定值(zhi)時，保護(hu)器發出聲光(guang)報警(jing)信(xin)號，可預先設置是(shi)否啟動限(xian)流保護(hu)。

The function of leakage current monitoring. When the monitored line leakage exceeds the alarm setting value, the protector will send out sound and light alarm signal，and it can be set in advance whether to activate current limiting protection.

2.6保護器顯(xian)示單元具(ju)有1路RS485接口，可(ke)以外接無線通訊模塊，支持2G、NB-IoT和4G，可(ke)以將數據發送(song)到后(hou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統，實現遠程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)。監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)后(hou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)可(ke)以是安科(ke)瑞(rui)Acrel-6000/B電氣火災(zai)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)機，也可(ke)以是安科(ke)瑞(rui)Acrel-6000安全用電管理云平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，或三方監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)軟件(jian)或平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)。

The protector display unit has a RS485 interface, which can be connected to a wireless communication module, supports 2G, NB-IoT and 4G, and can send data to the background monitoring system to realize remote monitoring. The monitoring background not only can be the host for electrical fire monitoring of Acrel Acrel-6000/B ,but also can be the safe cloud platform for power management of Ankerui Acrel-6000, even can be a third-party monitoring software or platform.

3 產品應用

      對(dui)于交流充電樁(zhuang)，一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)采用(yong)集(ji)中(zhong)供電的方(fang)(fang)式，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)是(shi)戶(hu)外立柱(zhu)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)，充電樁(zhuang)分(fen)布在(zai)多個位置，位置比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)散，每個充電樁(zhuang)都去安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)電氣防火限流式保護(hu)器，比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)麻(ma)煩，而(er)且沒(mei)有安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)位置，而(er)且防水要(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)高。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)是(shi)室內掛墻安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)，保護(hu)器安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)墻面需要(yao)占用(yong)一(yi)定位置。而(er)采用(yong)統一(yi)集(ji)中(zhong)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)的方(fang)(fang)式，方(fang)(fang)便管理(li)和(he)維護(hu)。

      For AC charging piles, centralized power supply is generally used. If it is installed outdoor, the charging piles are distributed in multiple locations, and the positions are relatively scattered. It’s trouble to install electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protector on every charging pile,and also,there is no installation location and the requirement of waterproof is really high.. If it is installed on the wall indoor, the protector needs a certain position.However, the unified and centralized installation way is convenient to manage and maintain.

室內停車場，充電樁采用壁掛的(de)方式

Indoor parking lot, the charging pile is wall-mounted

戶外停車場，采(cai)用立柱(zhu)的方式分散安裝

Outdoor parking lot, using columns to install dispersedly

      充(chong)電樁的配電箱一般在設計的時候(hou)就采用集中安裝的方(fang)式(shi)，如下圖所示。

      The distribution box of the charging pile is generally installed in a centralized manner during the design, as shown in the following figure.

      所以(yi)(yi)根據(ju)設(she)計圖紙，可以(yi)(yi)分批集中安(an)裝于(yu)墻面。

     Therefore, it can be installed on the wall in batches according to the design drawings.

4 結語

      新能源汽車行業持續發展，越來越多的居民小區和商業建筑都在新建或者改造電動汽車充電樁，而電氣防火限流式保護器的安裝又是必要元件，所以一個好的配套安裝至關重要。我們應該探索更多的電氣防火限流式保護器的安裝與使用。

      The new energy vehicle industry continues to develop, and more and more residential communities and commercial buildings are building or renovating electric vehicle charging piles. The installation of electrical fire protection current-limiting protectors is a necessary component, so a good supporting installation is crucial important. We should explore the installation and use of more electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors.

國內電氣火災統計和分析

隨著社(she)(she)會(hui)經濟的飛速發(fa)展(zhan)，社(she)(she)會(hui)電氣化程度不斷提(ti)高，用(yong)電負荷過大、線路短路等原(yuan)因(yin)導致電氣火災發(fa)生(sheng)越(yue)來越(yue)頻繁，使(shi)得(de)火災數量呈上(shang)升趨勢。

據5年的統(tong)計分(fen)析，電氣火災發生(sheng)的場所中(zhong)，住宅發生(sheng)火災事故(gu)(gu)的數(shu)量高居(ju)前列（占比51%），線路短路及線路老(lao)化是誘發事故(gu)(gu)的主要原(yuan)因。

通過對5年電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災故(gu)事原(yuan)因分析發現，主要有電(dian)(dian)(dian)線短路(lu)、過負荷用電(dian)(dian)(dian)、接觸不良(liang)等幾種原(yuan)因導致事故(gu)發生。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)線短路(lu)占比(bi)48%。

配電線路短路特點

線路短(duan)(duan)路時(shi)，短(duan)(duan)路電流在(zai)很短(duan)(duan)時(shi)間內能(neng)達到額(e)定電流的十幾(ji)倍甚(shen)至幾(ji)十倍。根(gen)據焦耳(er)定律∶Q=I2Rt，在(zai)短(duan)(duan)路點(dian)產生的熱量(liang)成指數倍增加，使短(duan)(duan)路點(dian)瞬間熔(rong)化并火星(xing)四濺，很易引發(fa)火災事故(gu)。

傳統短路保護手段

傳統保(bao)護(hu)方(fang)式(shi)采用(yong)電(dian)磁脫扣式(shi)斷路器，檢(jian)測到短(duan)路時，脫扣器動作，分斷時間(jian)在(zai)毫秒級，無(wu)法控制短(duan)路電(dian)流(liu)。好的(de)方(fang)式(shi)是采用(yong)響應(ying)速度快的(de)限(xian)流(liu)技術和器件。

ASCP10-1電氣防火限流式保護器

額定電流：0~20A可設置(zhi)

主要功能

短(duan)路(lu)(lu)限流(liu)(liu)：當線路(lu)(lu)發生短(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)時，能在150μs內實現快(kuai)速限流(liu)(liu)保護，控制因短(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)過大所引(yin)起的(de)電(dian)氣火災事故。

過載(zai)限流(liu)：當被保(bao)(bao)護線(xian)路的電流(liu)超過額定電流(liu)，線(xian)路過載(zai)且(qie)過載(zai)持續時(shi)(shi)間超過設定時(shi)(shi)間（3-60秒）時(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)護器進行限流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護。

超溫(wen)(wen)限(xian)流(liu)：當保(bao)(bao)護器的內部元(yuan)器件溫(wen)(wen)度(du)超過設定值時，產(chan)品(pin)啟動超溫(wen)(wen)限(xian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護功能(neng)，防(fang)止因溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高造成(cheng)產(chan)品(pin)損壞。

通訊(xun)功能：一路RS485接口，Modbus-RTU協議。

ASCP200-1電(dian)氣防火(huo)限流式保(bao)護器

額定電(dian)流(liu)：0~63A可設置

主要功能：

短(duan)路限流：當(dang)線(xian)路發生(sheng)短(duan)路故障時，能在150μs內實現(xian)快速(su)限流保護(hu)，控制因短(duan)路電(dian)流過大所引起的電(dian)氣火災事故。

過(guo)(guo)載限流：當被保(bao)護(hu)線(xian)(xian)路的電流超(chao)過(guo)(guo)額定電流，線(xian)(xian)路過(guo)(guo)載且過(guo)(guo)載持續時(shi)間超(chao)過(guo)(guo)設定時(shi)間（3-60秒）時(shi)，保(bao)護(hu)器進(jin)行(xing)限流保(bao)護(hu)。

超(chao)溫限(xian)流(liu)：當保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)的(de)內部元器(qi)件(jian)溫度超(chao)過設定值時(shi)，產(chan)品啟動超(chao)溫限(xian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)功能，防止因溫度過高造(zao)成產(chan)品損壞。

過/欠壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)：當保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器檢測到線(xian)路電壓(ya)(ya)欠壓(ya)(ya)或過壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器發出聲光報(bao)警信號，可預先設置是否啟(qi)動限流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。

ASCP200-1電氣防火限流(liu)式保護(hu)器(qi)

額定電流(liu)：0~63A可設置

主要功能：

線纜(lan)(lan)溫(wen)度監(jian)測：當被監(jian)測線纜(lan)(lan)溫(wen)度超(chao)過報警設(she)定(ding)值時，保(bao)護器發出聲光報警信號，可預先設(she)置是否啟(qi)動限流保(bao)護。

漏(lou)電流監測(ce)：當被監測(ce)的線路漏(lou)電超過報警設定值(zhi)時，保護器發出聲(sheng)光報警信號，可預先(xian)設置(zhi)是否(fou)啟動限(xian)流保護。

通訊功能：具有1路RS485接口，1路2G無線通訊，可以將數據發送到后臺監控系統，實現遠程監控。監控后臺可以是     安科瑞Acrel-6000/B電氣火(huo)災監控(kong)主(zhu)機，也可以(yi)是(shi)安科瑞Acrel-6000安全云(yun)平臺，或三方(fang)監控(kong)軟(ruan)件或平臺。

技術參數：

ASCP系列電氣防火限流式保護器—安裝與接線

尺寸與安裝：

接線方式：

作者簡(jian)介：簡(jian)婷，女，本科，現就(jiu)職(zhi)于安(an)科瑞電氣股份有限公司，主要研究(jiu)方向(xiang)為建筑能耗監測系統。

電氣(qi)(qi)防火(huo)限(xian)流(liu)式保(bao)護器(qi)可有(you)效克服傳統(tong)斷(duan)路器(qi)、空氣(qi)(qi)開關和監控設備存在的(de)短(duan)路電流(liu)大、切(qie)斷(duan)短(duan)路電流(liu)時(shi)間長、短(duan)路時(shi)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電弧(hu)火(huo)花大，以(yi)(yi)及使用壽命短(duan)等弊(bi)端(duan)，發生(sheng)(sheng)短(duan)路故(gu)障時(shi)，能(neng)以(yi)(yi)微秒級速(su)度(du)快(kuai)速(su)限(xian)制短(duan)路電流(liu)以(yi)(yi)實(shi)現(xian)滅(mie)弧(hu)保(bao)護，從而能(neng)顯(xian)著減少電氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災事故(gu)，保(bao)障使用場所人員(yuan)和財產的(de)安全。

ASCP200-1 型電氣防火限(xian)流(liu)式(shi)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)是單(dan)相限(xian)流(liu)式(shi)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)，大(da)額定電流(liu)為(wei) 63A。可(ke)廣泛應用于學校、醫院、商場(chang)(chang)(chang)、賓館、娛樂場(chang)(chang)(chang)所、寺廟、文物建筑、會展、住宅(zhai)、倉庫、幼兒(er)園、老(lao)年人(ren)建筑、集體宿舍、電動車充電站及租賃式(shi)商場(chang)(chang)(chang)商鋪、批發市場(chang)(chang)(chang)、集貿市場(chang)(chang)(chang)、甲乙丙(bing)類危險品庫房等各種(zhong)用電場(chang)(chang)(chang)所末端干、支(zhi)路(lu)的(de)線路(lu)保護(hu)(hu)。