1 產品(pin)概述

      常見的(de)相(xiang)與相(xiang)間發(fa)生短路可以(yi)產生很大(da)電流，可采用開(kai)關保(bao)護(hu)，而(er)(er)發(fa)生人體觸(chu)電、線路老化而(er)(er)導(dao)致的(de)電流泄露產生的(de)火災以(yi)及設(she)備的(de)接地故障(zhang)都是(shi)由于漏電流所(suo)造成，漏電流一般都在30mA-3A，這(zhe)些值很小，傳統開(kai)關無法進行(xing)保(bao)護(hu)，所(suo)以(yi)必須采用剩余電流動(dong)作保(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

      剩余電流繼(ji)電器(qi)是由剩余電流互感器(qi)來檢(jian)測剩余電流，并(bing)在規定(ding)條件下，當剩余電流達到(dao)或超(chao)過給(gei)定(ding)值時，使(shi)電器(qi)的一(yi)個或多個電氣輸出電路(lu)中的觸(chu)點產生開閉動作的開關電器(qi)。

下面(mian)介紹三種常見的(de)漏電情況。

1、防直接接觸電(dian)擊必(bi)須采(cai)用I△n≤30mA的(de)高靈敏度(du)的(de)RCD。

2、防間接接觸電擊(ji)可采(cai)用(yong)I△n大(da)于30mA的(de)中(zhong)靈(ling)敏度的(de)RCD。

3、防火RCD需采用(yong)4極或2極RCD。

對于IT系(xi)(xi)統，按規定采用(yong)剩余電流繼電器。為防止系(xi)(xi)統絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)降(jiang)低(di)和作為二次(ci)故障(zhang)后備保(bao)護，依據接(jie)線(xian)型式(shi)，采用(yong)類似 TT 或 TN 系(xi)(xi)統的保(bao)護措(cuo)施。首先(xian)應采用(yong)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)監視裝置，預測(ce)一次(ci)故障(zhang)。

對于TT系統(tong)，采(cai)用剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。因為(wei)當發生單(dan)相(xiang)接地故障(zhang)時(shi)，故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)流很小，且(qie)較難估計，達不到開關的動作電(dian)(dian)流，外殼上將出現危(wei)險電(dian)(dian)壓。此時(shi)N線必須穿過剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流互感器(qi)。

對于TN-S系統(tong)，可采用剩余電流(liu)繼(ji)電器(qi)。更快速靈敏(min)切(qie)斷(duan)故(gu)障，以(yi)提(ti)高安全可靠性，此時 PE 線不得穿過互感(gan)器(qi)，N 線必須穿互感(gan)器(qi)，且不得重復接地。

對于TN-C系統，不(bu)能采用剩余電流(liu)繼電器。因為(wei) PE 線(xian)和 N 線(xian)合(he)一，若 PEN 線(xian)不(bu)重(zhong)復接(jie)(jie)地，當(dang)外殼帶(dai)電，互(hu)感器進出電流(liu)相等，ASJ拒動；若PEN線(xian)重(zhong)復接(jie)(jie)地，部分單相電流(liu)將流(liu)入(ru)(ru)重(zhong)復接(jie)(jie)地，達一定值后，ASJ 誤動。 需將TN-C系統改造成TN-C-S系統，同TN-S系統，再將剩余電流(liu)互(hu)感器接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)TN-S系統中。

2 產品簡介

       安科(ke)瑞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣ASJ系(xi)列剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能夠滿足上(shang)述幾種(zhong)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況的防(fang)護，與遙(yao)控跳(tiao)閘開關聯用，及(ji)時切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，防(fang)止間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸、限(xian)制漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。也可以直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)作為信(xin)號繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，監控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力設備。特別(bie)適用于學校、商廈、工廠車間(jian)(jian)、集(ji)貿(mao)市場、工礦企業、國家(jia)重點消防(fang)單位、智能大廈與小區，地鐵、石(shi)油化工、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)及(ji)國防(fang)等部門用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的安全保護。

ASJ系(xi)(xi)列(lie)產品主要有兩種(zhong)安(an)裝方式(shi)，ASJ10系(xi)(xi)列(lie)為導軌安(an)裝，外形和功能(neng)如下(xia)表所示(shi)：

ASJ20系列為(wei)面(mian)板安裝，外(wai)形和(he)功能(neng)如(ru)下表所(suo)示：

其中AC型和(he)A型剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)區別是(shi)(shi)：AC型剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)對突然施(shi)加或(huo)緩(huan)慢(man)上升的(de)剩余(yu)(yu)正弦(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)能(neng)確保脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)的(de)剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，主(zhu)要監(jian)測(ce)(ce)正弦(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)信號(hao)。A型剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)對突然施(shi)加的(de)或(huo)緩(huan)慢(man)上升的(de)剩余(yu)(yu)正弦(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)剩余(yu)(yu)脈動直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)能(neng)確保脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)的(de)剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，主(zhu)要監(jian)測(ce)(ce)正弦(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)信號(hao)和(he)脈沖(chong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)信號(hao)。

儀表(biao)具體(ti)的接線端子和典型接線如下所示：

ASJ系列剩余電流繼(ji)電器在海洋平臺的應用

簡婷

安科瑞電(dian)氣股份有限公司 上海(hai)嘉(jia)定(ding)   202110

摘要：本文通過對海(hai)洋平臺(tai)接地故障的(de)分析(xi)，論述(shu)了海(hai)洋平臺(tai)手持式(shi)(shi)和移動式(shi)(shi)用電設(she)備(bei)安裝(zhuang)漏電保護器的(de)必(bi)要性，同時簡述(shu)了漏電保護器的(de)工作原理。

關鍵詞：海洋平臺；IT系統；漏電保(bao)護(hu)器

0 概述

在海洋石油及(ji)天然氣開采(cai)過程中(zhong)，海洋平(ping)臺作(zuo)為(wei)油氣采(cai)集、臨時存(cun)儲及(ji)簡單處理的重要場(chang)所，其危險性極大。同時，受日曬雨淋、鹽霧(wu)侵蝕、用電設備緊湊及(ji)操作(zuo)空間狹小等諸多(duo)因素的影響，海洋平(ping)臺的電氣安全一(yi)直存(cun)在隱患。為(wei)了避免海洋平(ping)臺電氣安全事(shi)故的發生，需(xu)要根(gen)據(ju)海洋平(ping)臺的環(huan)境特(te)點，因地制宜(yi)地選擇(ze)供配電系統接(jie)地形式，并選擇(ze)相應的接(jie)地保護方式。

1 海(hai)洋平臺(tai)配電(dian)系(xi)統的特點

低壓配電系(xi)統(tong)分(fen)TN系(xi)統(tong)、TT系(xi)統(tong)及IT系(xi)統(tong)3種(zhong)形(xing)式。每(mei)種(zhong)接地形(xing)式的(de)低壓配電系(xi)統(tong)都有其自身(shen)的(de)優缺點(dian)和適用范圍。設(she)計工作(zuo)(zuo)者應根據(ju)作(zuo)(zuo)業場所的(de)環境條件、用電設(she)備的(de)特點(dian)和用電要求等因(yin)素(su)加以具體選(xuan)擇。當前，海洋平臺一般使用IT系(xi)統(tong)供電，這(zhe)是(shi)由其自身(shen)的(de)特點(dian)決定的(de)：

1）海(hai)洋(yang)平臺遠離陸地，對(dui)不間斷供電的要求高。例(li)如(ru)平臺的消防措施和緊(jin)急(ji)逃(tao)生設施就不允許斷電；

2）海洋平臺(tai)環境惡劣，鹽霧和(he)潮濕容易使用電設備和(he)供電線(xian)路的絕緣損壞(huai)，出現接地故(gu)障(zhang)。

2 海洋平臺手持式和移動式用電設(she)備漏電保護問(wen)題(ti)

1）海洋平臺手持式和(he)移動(dong)(dong)式用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)發生接(jie)地故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)一般有(you)以下(xia)原(yuan)因；a)手持式和(he)移動(dong)(dong)式用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)由于需要頻(pin)繁(fan)移動(dong)(dong)，電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)接(jie)頭容(rong)易(yi)松脫，使相線碰設備(bei)(bei)外殼(ke)而發生接(jie)地故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)；b)手持式和(he)移動(dong)(dong)式用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)在使用(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)反(fan)復彎曲，使芯線部分折斷(duan)，刺破電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)與(yu)外部可導電(dian)(dian)部分接(jie)觸而發生接(jie)地故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。

2）海洋平臺手持式(shi)和移(yi)動式(shi)用電設(she)備接地(di)故障分析

a)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)故(gu)障(zhang)。國際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工委員會標準IEC4.79(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通過(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效應(ying))確(que)定(ding)，通過(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)50Hz電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不超過(guo)(guo)30mA時(shi)(shi)(shi)，人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)不會發(fa)生(sheng)心(xin)室纖維性(xing)(xing)顫動(dong)(dong)而死(si)亡(wang)，它與人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)潮濕程度、接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高低(di)沒(mei)有直接(jie)(jie)關系(xi)。大多數(shu)海(hai)洋(yang)平(ping)臺低(di)壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)形式一直沿用(yong)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)點(dian)(dian)不接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)IT系(xi)統，這樣如(ru)果發(fa)生(sheng)直接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)及(ji)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)、單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)者間接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為另外(wai)兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)量和，通常兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)量和很(hen)小，即故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)很(hen)小，這種(zhong)情況下不會構成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊危(wei)險，因此(ci)也(ye)可以(yi)不切斷供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。但是(shi)，隨(sui)著海(hai)洋(yang)平(ping)臺用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)多，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜線(xian)路隨(sui)之增(zeng)(zeng)多，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)大，發(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)隨(sui)之增(zeng)(zeng)大。如(ru)果用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼沒(mei)有可靠接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)者接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)線(xian)斷開時(shi)(shi)(shi)，單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)只能通過(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)形成回路，當通過(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)50Hz電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超過(guo)(guo)30mA時(shi)(shi)(shi)，人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)就可能會因發(fa)生(sheng)心(xin)室纖維性(xing)(xing)顫動(dong)(dong)而死(si)亡(wang)。在低(di)壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)絕(jue)緣擊穿(chuan)，使其設(she)(she)備(bei)外(wai)殼帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Id=Ia+Ib≥30mA時(shi)(shi)(shi)，就超過(guo)(guo)了人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)能承(cheng)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)安全閾值，一定(ding)要立即切斷供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)確(que)保安全。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)處安裝漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器是(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決辦法。

b)異(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。當(dang)發生單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，另外(wai)(wai)兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對地(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)的(de)絕緣(yuan)要(yao)(yao)求承受較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，可(ke)(ke)能會導(dao)致絕緣(yuan)破壞使故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)進一步擴大，照(zhao)成異(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)發生。根據《低壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)設計(ji)規(gui)范(fan)》GB50054-1995中4.4.14條：IT系(xi)統(tong)(tong)外(wai)(wai)露可(ke)(ke)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)共(gong)同的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)極接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，亦可(ke)(ke)個別(bie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)或(huo)成組地(di)(di)(di)(di)用(yong)(yong)單獨(du)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)極接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。當(dang)外(wai)(wai)露可(ke)(ke)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)共(gong)同接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，則(ze)發生二(er)次(ci)異(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)回(hui)路的(de)切斷應(ying)符合TN系(xi)統(tong)(tong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)保護的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。海洋(yang)平臺是鋼結構體，本身就是導(dao)體，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)外(wai)(wai)露可(ke)(ke)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)共(gong)用(yong)(yong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)極接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。當(dang)發生異(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)回(hui)路的(de)切斷應(ying)符合TN系(xi)統(tong)(tong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)保護的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。按照(zhao)規(gui)范(fan)要(yao)(yao)，在TN系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，手持式(shi)和(he)移(yi)動式(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)應(ying)設置(zhi)漏電(dian)(dian)保護器。

3 結語

      以往海洋平臺的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)計中(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)于手(shou)持式和(he)移(yi)動(dong)式用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，基本沒有或很少裝設(she)(she)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)，更有設(she)(she)計者認(ren)為，在海洋平臺的(de)IT供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)手(shou)持式和(he)移(yi)動(dong)式用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)沒有必要(yao)裝設(she)(she)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)，從上看(kan)來，這種想法只是考慮了(le)其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一個方面，是片面的(de)。ASJ系列剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)產品(pin)能(neng)夠(gou)監測(ce)線(xian)(xian)路中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，當漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到(dao)或者超(chao)過設(she)(she)定值時，內部(bu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)動(dong)作，發出(chu)告警，并能(neng)與斷路器(qi)開(kai)關聯動(dong)，快速切斷線(xian)(xian)路，保(bao)(bao)證線(xian)(xian)路安全。

參考文獻

[1]宿(su)淑嬌, 張(zhang)龍. 漏電(dian)保護器(qi)在海洋平臺(tai)的應用[J]. 科(ke)技(ji)傳播, 2010, 000(011):70,75. [2] 企業(ye)微電(dian)網設計與應用手冊.2020.6

[3]王(wang)偉(wei), 許(xu)建奎(kui), 李長偉(wei). 海洋石油平臺件(jian)熱電(dian)控系統接地保護(hu)[J]. 中國(guo), 2008(20):93-93.

[4] 袁平(ping). 淺談漏電保(bao)護在電氣安全(quan)方(fang)面(mian)的應用[J]. 中(zhong)國高新(xin)區, 2017(23):130-131.

作者簡介：簡婷，女，本科，現就職于安科瑞電氣股份有限公(gong)司，主(zhu)要研究方向(xiang)為建(jian)筑(zhu)能耗監(jian)測系統。

ASJ系(xi)列剩(sheng)余電流繼電器在農電安全管(guan)理(li)中的應用

簡婷

安科瑞電氣股份有限(xian)公司 上海(hai)嘉(jia)定   202110

摘要(yao)：近年來，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)配電(dian)臺區總保護器(qi)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、投運(yun)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、運(yun)行合(he)格率(lv)(lv)(lv)逐步上升，農(nong)(nong)戶家用漏電(dian)保護器(qi)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、投運(yun)率(lv)(lv)(lv)也得(de)到(dao)了廣(guang)泛的(de)普及。通過(guo)狠抓剩余電(dian)流動作保護器(qi)的(de)管理(li)，取得(de)了成效(xiao)，通過(guo)保護器(qi)普遍的(de)投運(yun)安(an)裝(zhuang)，農(nong)(nong)電(dian)觸電(dian)傷亡事故(gu)大(da)大(da)減少(shao)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)供電(dian)可靠性明(ming)顯提高，農(nong)(nong)電(dian)設備健康狀(zhuang)況明(ming)顯好轉，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)低壓(ya)線損下降(jiang)顯著。

關鍵詞：農村；漏電保護器(qi)；觸電

0 概述

     在(zai)(zai)(zai)低壓配電系統中，直(zhi)接接觸(chu)電擊防(fang)(fang)護(hu)采用額定動作(zuo)電流(liu)不超(chao)過30mA、無延時動作(zuo)的(de)剩余(yu)(yu)電流(liu)動作(zuo)保(bao)護(hu)器，作(zuo)為直(zhi)接接觸(chu)電擊保(bao)護(hu)的(de)補(bu)充保(bao)護(hu)措施，以便(bian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)直(zhi)接接觸(chu)電擊的(de)基本防(fang)(fang)護(hu)措施失效時，作(zuo)后備保(bao)護(hu)。這種(zhong)補(bu)充防(fang)(fang)護(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)特殊(shu)情況下是有效防(fang)(fang)護(hu)措施，因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)GB13955-2005《剩余(yu)(yu)電流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)安裝和運行(xing)》中明確規(gui)定，在(zai)(zai)(zai)直(zhi)接接觸(chu)點擊防(fang)(fang)護(hu)中必(bi)須安裝剩余(yu)(yu)電流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)。

1 采用剩余電流動作保護器保安全

     剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置在(zai)低壓系統中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備絕緣(yuan)故障(zhang)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)地(di)短路，造成間(jian)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)一般(ban)是很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)，不足以使系統的(de)(de)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。而剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)作保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器是靠故障(zhang)時(shi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)作的(de)(de)，其動(dong)(dong)作值(zhi)與負荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)無關，且只(zhi)為毫安級(ji)。在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)條件(jian)下，當剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)作保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)達(da)到或超(chao)過給定(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)時(shi)，能(neng)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通常用于故障(zhang)情(qing)況下自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)防護(hu)。因此，剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)作保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器可作為直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、間(jian)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)，接(jie)(jie)地(di)故障(zhang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火災保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)。

2 在農電安全管理中(zhong)的應用

     1）保障人民生命財產安全，促進社會和諧。在農村用電水平不高，農民的安全用電意識還沒有得到加強，安全常識還沒有普及的情況下，剩余電流動作保護器成為保障人民生命財產安全的重要技術手段，推廣使用剩余電流動作保護器，也是縣級供電企業加強農電安全管理，確保人民生命財產安全的有效措施。因此，加強剩余電流動作保護器的管理，確保其正確動作和可靠運行，尤顯重要。                                                                                                                                

     2）促進降損增效，有利于供電企業效益的提高。保護器的可靠運行，對降損增效，發揮了重要作用。通過時間比較，有些低壓線損高的臺區，就是保護器跳閘頻繁，或者是保護器不能正常運行的臺區，由于線路漏電電流較大，造成電量損失，給供電企業的降損增效工作增加了一定難度。

     3）促進安全隱患的消除，提高設備健康水平。要使保護器可靠運行，消除設備隱患是關鍵。一是*消滅無保護死角，使全所有農村居民用戶，達到總保護器的保護范圍，無縫覆蓋，其次是減少停電面，在部分用戶多、用電量大的臺區，安裝二級保護裝置，提高供電可靠性和保護器的投運率，及時發現和處理安全隱患；二是不斷提高保護器的運行可靠性，將所有的變壓器中性點接地線與變壓器外殼接地共用的線*分開，保障保護器的穩定運行；三是加強配電區整治，提高設備的健康水平。

     4）有利于供電所專業化管理和建設。通過安裝漏電保護器后，縮小故障點，便于有針對性地排查，一般故障農戶大多都能處理，臺區管理員也從繁瑣的工作中解脫出來，有利于供電所專業化管理，使臺區管理員把更多的精力放在營銷管理、優質服務上來。

3 結語(yu)

     漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)能夠有(you)效地避免(mian)居民觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)現象發(fa)生，同時能夠提醒用(yong)戶及(ji)時采取必要的(de)防護措施，同時采用(yong)分級保護，可以有(you)效減小故障(zhang)點，避免(mian)更大的(de)損(sun)失。ASJ系列剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)產品(pin)能夠監(jian)測(ce)線(xian)路中的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，當漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到或者超過(guo)設定值時，內部繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)動作(zuo)，發(fa)出告警，并能與斷路器(qi)開關聯動，快速(su)切斷線(xian)路，保證線(xian)路安全。

參考文獻(xian)

[1]張(zhang)杰, 王劍(jian)鳴(ming). 以剩(sheng)余電(dian)流動作保護器為平(ping)臺實(shi)現臺區智(zhi)能化管理[C]// 中國電(dian)機工(gong)程學會. 中國電(dian)機工(gong)程學會, 2016.

[2]企業微電網設計與應用(yong)手冊.2020.6

[3]胡凱. 建筑電氣工程施工中(zhong)的漏(lou)電保(bao)護技術(shu)分(fen)析[J]. 門(men)窗, 2017(2).

[4]*. 剩余電(dian)(dian)流動(dong)作(zuo)保護(hu)器在農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)網中的(de)應用[J]. 農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)工, 2005, 11(11):21-21. [5]康曉文. 剩余電(dian)(dian)流動(dong)作(zuo)保護(hu)器在農電(dian)(dian)安全管理中的(de)應用[J]. 大眾用電(dian)(dian), 2010(06):42-42.

作者簡介：簡(jian)婷，女(nv)，本科，現就職于安(an)科瑞(rui)電(dian)氣股份有(you)限公司，主要研究方(fang)向為建(jian)筑能耗監(jian)測(ce)系統(tong)。