程(cheng)瑜 安科瑞電氣有限(xian)公(gong)司

摘要：隨著電子設備(bei)大量的(de)使(shi)用(yong)，非線性(xing)(xing)負荷越(yue)來越(yue)多，企(qi)業電力網的(de)諧波污染問(wen)題也越(yue)來越(yue)嚴重，由(you)于諧波的(de)不良(liang)作用(yong)惡化(hua)電能質量，增加附(fu)加損耗(hao)，降低電網可靠性(xing)(xing)，影響企(qi)業供用(yong)電設備(bei)的(de)正常工作，甚(shen)至損害設備(bei)造成電氣故(gu)障(zhang)。結合用(yong)電安(an)全要求及(ji)現狀(zhuang)，淺談有源濾波裝置在生物制藥安(an)全供電系統(tong)中的(de)作用(yong)及(ji)效果。

關鍵詞：諧波(bo)；電(dian)能(neng)質量；有源濾波(bo)

1、概述

目前(qian)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝置在制藥企業中(zhong)(zhong)大量(liang)應用(yong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)整流(liu)(liu)裝置所占的(de)(de)比例(li)大，逆變器(qi)(qi)、直流(liu)(liu)斬波(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)所需的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)主要來(lai)自整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)晶閘管相控整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路或二(er)極管整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路都(dou)是(shi)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)源(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備的(de)(de)單臺(tai)容量(liang)雖(sui)然很小，但數量(liang)卻很龐大，其內部大都(dou)含(han)(han)有開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，各類(lei)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、變頻器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)用(yong)量(liang)越來(lai)越多，加上(shang)熒光燈產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)污染問題日益突出(chu)(chu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了畸(ji)變，使(shi)公司(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備出(chu)(chu)現許多異常(chang)現象和故障，對其進行有效(xiao)的(de)(de)防止，已成為企業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)安全運行工作的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要內容之一。有源(yuan)濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)通過CT采集系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經CPU快速計(ji)算并提(ti)取各次諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)含(han)(han)量(liang)，發(fa)出(chu)(chu)指令使(shi)功率器(qi)(qi)件(jian)產生(sheng)(sheng)與諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)幅值相等(deng)、方向(xiang)相反的(de)(de)補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，注入到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)而抵(di)消系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

2、生物制藥電能質(zhi)量主要特(te)征

2.1生(sheng)(sheng)物制藥產(chan)業集(ji)群式發(fa)展。未來產(chan)業集(ji)群化(hua)是發(fa)展必(bi)然趨(qu)勢，生(sheng)(sheng)物制藥是一(yi)個(ge)組合化(hua)過(guo)程，需(xu)要(yao)各個(ge)環節的聯(lian)系(xi)，因(yin)此電(dian)能質量治理格外重(zhong)要(yao)，一(yi)旦設備發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)障(zhang)或電(dian)力系(xi)統故(gu)障(zhang)，則導致經濟效(xiao)益的直線下降。

2.2主要負荷是(shi)變頻器(qi)驅(qu)動的泵機(ji)和(he)電(dian)機(ji)。主要諧波(bo)源是(shi)變頻器(qi)，且(qie)諧波(bo)含量較大，需單(dan)獨配置APF進行諧波(bo)治理(li)。

3、生物制藥供(gong)配電系統諧波源及其(qi)特點

隨著制藥(yao)行業的(de)迅猛發展，許多(duo)制藥(yao)行業所需要的(de)新型先進設備也(ye)應運而生，制藥(yao)企業存在大量(liang)(liang)的(de)泵機及電機類負載，并且很多(duo)都配有變(bian)頻器(qi)，變(bian)頻器(qi)的(de)大量(liang)(liang)應用(yong)使得配電系統中的(de)諧波含量(liang)(liang)大大增(zeng)加(jia)。

目前，絕大(da)部分(fen)變頻(pin)器的(de)整流環節(jie)都是(shi)應用6脈沖整流將交流電(dian)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)直(zhi)流電(dian)，因此(ci)所產生(sheng)的(de)諧(xie)(xie)波以(yi)5次(ci)、7次(ci)、11次(ci)為(wei)主。同(tong)時，制藥(yao)企(qi)業通常擁有實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)和自動(dong)(dong)化生(sheng)產線，存在(zai)著大(da)量的(de)精密設備，在(zai)許多情況下這些設備既是(shi)諧(xie)(xie)波的(de)產生(sheng)者(zhe)，也是(shi)諧(xie)(xie)波的(de)受害(hai)者(zhe)。諧(xie)(xie)波會(hui)影響(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)中(zhong)設備的(de)正常工(gong)作，使得正在(zai)進行的(de)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)功虧(kui)一簣；諧(xie)(xie)波也會(hui)影響(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)自動(dong)(dong)化生(sheng)產線的(de)智能(neng)控制器、PLC系(xi)統(tong)，使自動(dong)(dong)控制設備出現(xian)故(gu)障。在(zai)許多實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、制藥(yao)企(qi)業的(de)自動(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產線都出現(xian)過謝波的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)而造成設備的(de)故(gu)障。因此(ci)制藥(yao)企(qi)業的(de)諧(xie)(xie)波問(wen)題影響(xiang)(xiang)較為(wei)深(shen)遠(yuan)，危害(hai)性嚴重，急需治(zhi)理。

2.1科研場所及實驗(yan)室

實(shi)驗室作為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)生物(wu)制藥科研場(chang)所(suo)，大量(liang)的(de)敏感設備(bei)需要(yao)干凈的(de)電(dian)網(wang)環境以保障系統的(de)正常運(yun)行。一般皆會涉及高新儀(yi)器(qi)、精(jing)密儀(yi)器(qi)測量(liang)設備(bei)、開(kai)關電(dian)源、整(zheng)流逆變器(qi)、UPS/EPS等(deng)，同時(shi)也是作為(wei)較大的(de)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)源。實(shi)驗室等(deng)存在大量(liang)開(kai)關電(dian)源負載的(de)場(chang)所(suo)由于其負載的(de)特點(dian)，會產生明(ming)顯的(de)3次(ci)、5次(ci)和7次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)，需要(yao)特別注意3次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)流對(dui)中性線的(de)影響。

2.2自(zi)動化生產線(xian)

發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵是生(sheng)產原(yuan)料藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重要(yao)(yao)環(huan)節，所以(yi)都離不(bu)(bu)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵罐這(zhe)一核心(xin)，隨著產品(pin)產量的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷擴(kuo)大(da)、新工(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷更新和新品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷增(zeng)加，對(dui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制方(fang)式、攪拌頻率和時段調整等(deng)提(ti)(ti)出了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。針(zhen)對(dui)重型大(da)負載比(bi)較多(duo)、耗電(dian)量比(bi)較大(da)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵周期比(bi)較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，近幾(ji)年發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵生(sheng)產企業也(ye)采取(qu)了(le)(le)多(duo)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)，進行了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)少(shao)設備(bei)(bei)改造(zao)，變頻調速是好的(de)(de)(de)(de)既能滿足(zu)生(sheng)產工(gong)藝要(yao)(yao)求，又能節能降耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式。但隨著自(zi)動化(hua)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，自(zi)動化(hua)設備(bei)(bei)對(dui)電(dian)源(yuan)污(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度也(ye)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)惡劣(lie)，相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)自(zi)動控制系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾也(ye)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)強，對(dui)電(dian)源(yuan)濾波、凈化(hua)，取(qu)得(de)相(xiang)對(dui)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求也(ye)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高(gao)。目(mu)前，絕(jue)大(da)部分(fen)變頻器的(de)(de)(de)(de)整流(liu)環(huan)節都是應用6脈沖整流(liu)將交流(liu)電(dian)轉化(hua)為(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)，因(yin)此(ci)所產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧波以(yi)5次、7次、11次為(wei)主。

3、現場案(an)例

以山東省(sheng)某生(sheng)物制藥電(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量治理項目為例，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)廠區(qu)負責人員反饋(kui)，該廠區(qu)綜合辦公(gong)樓(lou)頻(pin)(pin)繁出現跳(tiao)閘現象，另外生(sheng)物制藥生(sheng)產車間(jian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)房(fang)電(dian)容(rong)柜內電(dian)抗器出現燒焦和(he)N線線纜過熱的情況查找主要原因(yin)，預估是由(you)于綜合辦公(gong)樓(lou)和(he)生(sheng)產車間(jian)分別涉(she)及變頻(pin)(pin)空調(diao)、計算(suan)機(ji)通信設備、LED燈照明和(he)泵(beng)機(ji)等(deng)負載，運行過程中(zhong)會產生(sheng)諧波(bo)并(bing)對整個供配(pei)(pei)電(dian)系(xi)統造成影響(xiang)，現對綜合辦公(gong)樓(lou)和(he)生(sheng)產車間(jian)所(suo)在的配(pei)(pei)電(dian)房(fang)進行測(ce)量，并(bing)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)相應的電(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量數據(ju)(ju)(ju)給(gei)出相應的治理方案。

b7

3.1綜合辦公樓配電(dian)室(shi)諧波測量數據

綜合辦(ban)公樓配(pei)電室(shi)諧波測量數據

從上(shang)述兩(liang)組測量(liang)數據可以得出(chu)綜合辦公(gong)樓的(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)主要(yao)為(wei)5次(ci)(ci)和7次(ci)(ci)為(wei)主，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)畸變率至(zhi)多為(wei)22%，對于5次(ci)(ci)和7次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)可通過(guo)在(zai)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房集中治理，消除諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)對整個供配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、變壓器、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容柜和其它(ta)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)(de)影響，從而保證(zheng)正常的(de)(de)生(sheng)物制藥生(sheng)產工作；生(sheng)產車間配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室(shi)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)較嚴重，3次(ci)(ci)和5次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)已超過(guo)了國家GB/T14549-1993《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)公(gong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)》0.38KV系(xi)統各(ge)次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)及諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)準。現(xian)場電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容柜串接7%電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗，3次(ci)(ci)和5次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容柜，諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)疊(die)加(jia)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)基波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)運行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)變大(da)，溫(wen)升增(zeng)高，引起(qi)過(guo)熱而降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)使用壽命或使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器損壞。由(you)于3次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)屬于零序諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，三相矢量(liang)角一(yi)致，會在(zai)N線上(shang)進行(xing)線性(xing)疊(die)加(jia)，N線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)約223A，已經超過(guo)了相線上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)，N線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)會造成中性(xing)線超溫(wen)、絕(jue)緣老化(hua)，發(fa)生(sheng)接地故障，從而導致中斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)甚至(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災。

可采(cai)用有(you)源濾波裝置對其進行(xing)末端(duan)就地(di)治(zhi)理，采(cai)用DSP+FPGA全數字控(kong)制方式，并聯在系(xi)統中，可對2～51次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波進行(xing)全補償或特定(ding)次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波進行(xing)補償；能夠消除系(xi)統中的各次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波，防止(zhi)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波對N線(xian)(xian)造成(cheng)損害，保(bao)護線(xian)(xian)路，同時(shi)防止(zhi)火災(zai)的發生。

6、結語

隨(sui)著現(xian)代化生(sheng)產工藝、電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)研發設(she)備等先進科研手(shou)段的(de)不斷引(yin)入(ru)和加深，大(da)量(liang)的(de)非線性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)備涌現(xian)，在提(ti)(ti)升生(sheng)物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)同時，也給整個工廠(chang)的(de)供配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)帶來(lai)了嚴(yan)峻的(de)考驗(yan)，特別是科研實驗(yan)室(shi)，負(fu)載設(she)備多樣，諧波(bo)產生(sheng)和變化有很大(da)的(de)隨(sui)機(ji)性(xing)(xing)和復雜(za)性(xing)(xing)。通過(guo)對生(sheng)物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)建筑(zhu)供配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)進行(xing)研究(jiu)，并結合系(xi)統平臺(tai)提(ti)(ti)出合理(li)的(de)整體解決(jue)方案，改善生(sheng)物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)的(de)供電(dian)(dian)質(zhi)量(liang)，提(ti)(ti)高電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)安全和經濟運(yun)行(xing)以(yi)及降低(di)能(neng)耗。

6.結束語

從上述的(de)情況不(bu)難看出，沒有的(de)變電(dian)運維(wei)值班方法(fa)，每種方法(fa)都有其(qi)各自(zi)的(de)優(you)劣。各地需根據自(zi)身(shen)實(shi)際，進行靈活的(de)使用和創(chuang)新，找到方法(fa)，以(yi)便于使工(gong)作更為(wei)的(de)順暢(chang)，促進電(dian)力系統運維(wei)水平的(de)提升。

參考文獻

[1]周(zhou)淑(shu)蕓(yun).變電管理中變電運維一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)模式的應用[J].企業(ye)技術開發，2015.

[2]楊松偉.浙江省電(dian)(dian)力檢修公司(si)變電(dian)(dian)運維值班人員績(ji)效評估評價體系研究(jiu)[D].華北(bei)電(dian)(dian)力大學，2014.

[3]郭飛飛.牛俊(jun)勇.創新變電運(yun)維(wei)值班模式提(ti)升電力系(xi)統運(yun)維(wei)效率.

[5]安科瑞企業微電網設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)與應用設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji),2022,05版(ban).

作者簡介

程瑜，現(xian)任職安科瑞電氣股份有限公司，手機：187 0211 2087（微信同號）