簡婷

安(an)科瑞電氣股份(fen)有(you)限公司 上海嘉定

摘要：隨著(zhu)時代的進(jin)(jin)步和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，在(zai)(zai)當(dang)前(qian)的變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設(she)計上(shang)，數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設(she)計成為(wei)一種趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)。其(qi)也(ye)成為(wei)未來我國(guo)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設(she)計的核心研(yan)究方向和趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)。當(dang)前(qian)來說，我國(guo)在(zai)(zai)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的設(she)計上(shang)，綜(zong)合(he)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)系統的應用，在(zai)(zai)整個變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設(she)計上(shang)也(ye)有(you)作(zuo)用發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)。為(wei)此在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)觀(guan)點分析上(shang)，本文圍繞當(dang)前(qian)我國(guo)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)綜(zong)合(he)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)系統發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)問題(ti)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)觀(guan)點的闡釋和分析，并對其(qi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)展(zhan)望和分析。

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：數字化變電站；綜合(he)自動化系統；發展

0 引言

結合(he)目(mu)前來(lai)說，隨(sui)著技術的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)升(sheng)級和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)綜合(he)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系統(tong)成為(wei)我國在變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設計上的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)流趨勢(shi)(shi)。相較于(yu)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)來(lai)說，數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)能(neng)夠(gou)有(you)技術優勢(shi)(shi)，是我國變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設 計未來(lai)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢(shi)(shi)和(he)方(fang)向。對(dui)于(yu)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)以及(ji)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)研究來(lai)說，基于(yu)高新技術的(de)(de)引入，合(he)理實現技術問題的(de)(de)解決，能(neng)夠(gou)基于(yu)本質角(jiao)度出發(fa)，促使我國數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系統(tong)有(you)較為(wei)出色的(de)(de)應(ying)用效果(guo)，推動(dong)(dong)我國數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)綜合(he)系統(tong)研發(fa)水平(ping)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)升(sheng)級。

1 數(shu)字化(hua)變電站綜(zong)合自動化(hua)系統的(de)優(you)勢

數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)綜合自動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在應用(yong)上，其不僅有(you)較為(wei)(wei)出(chu)色的可(ke)擴展性，而且整個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)應用(yong)相(xiang)對簡單，有(you)較為(wei)(wei)出(chu)色的兼容性，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在當前國(guo)內(nei)很多變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)中，其都有(you)較為(wei)(wei)出(chu)色的應用(yong)價值。而且從目前的 應用(yong)現(xian)狀來說，數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)綜合自動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)不僅有(you)較為(wei)(wei)穩定的運行(xing)表現(xian)，且有(you)較為(wei)(wei)出(chu)色的運行(xing)效率，而且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)降低人(ren)工資源的耗費，確保實(shi)現(xian)無人(ren)值守。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)說，數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)綜合自動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的出(chu)現(xian)，能 夠促使(shi)我(wo)國(guo)在電網運行(xing)和管理上取得(de)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)出(chu)色的運行(xing)效益，同(tong)時也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)更(geng)好的滿足(zu)當前我(wo)國(guo)在變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設計方面的需求(qiu)。同(tong)時企業是我(wo)國(guo)未來實(shi)現(xian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)建設的核心方向和趨勢。

2 數(shu)字化(hua)變電站綜合自動化(hua)系統的特點解讀

圖1展示的是當前數字化(hua)變電站(zhan)綜合(he)自(zi)動化(hua)系統的布局結構。

圖1數字(zi)化(hua)變電站綜合(he)自動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統架構

通過引入數字化變(bian)(bian)電站綜(zong)合(he)自(zi)動化系統(tong)，促使在變(bian)(bian)電站的(de)管理(li)上(shang)，有(you)更(geng)為(wei)出(chu)色的(de)管理(li)效益(yi)，充分實現自(zi)動化管理(li)目標。數字化變(bian)(bian)電站綜(zong)合(he)自(zi)動化系統(tong)的(de)突(tu)出(chu)特(te)點是：

2.1數字化的(de)數據采集

對于數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化變電(dian)站綜(zong)合自(zi)動(dong)化系統(tong)(tong)而言，其在工(gong)作開展上，采(cai)取的是全自(zi)動(dong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)采(cai)集(ji)方式，為此(ci)也致使(shi)其在進行(xing)相應的數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)獲取上，有較(jiao)為出色的自(zi)動(dong)化表現(xian)，可以基本滿足自(zi)動(dong)化系統(tong)(tong)管理需求。結合 圖(tu)2展示內容，通過測(ce)控裝置的搭載(zai)，可以實現(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的自(zi)動(dong)測(ce)控，并借助通信(xin)(xin)處(chu)理完成數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)信(xin)(xin)號傳(chuan)輸。

圖2 數(shu)字化變電站綜合自動化系統數(shu)據采(cai)集

2.2 系統分(fen)層(ceng)分(fen)布化

對(dui)于數字化變電站(zhan)綜合自(zi)動(dong)化系統(tong)(tong)(tong)而言，其從初誕生，采(cai)取的(de)是集中式管理模(mo)式，而今開始(shi)采(cai)取分布式系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。基(ji)于分布式系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)引入，促使在進行數字化變電站(zhan)綜合自(zi)動(dong)化系統(tong)(tong)(tong)設計上，其可以充分契 合當(dang)前網絡通信技(ji)術發展需求，同時(shi)實現開放式的(de)管理，針對(dui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)在運行過(guo)程中的(de)設備運行情(qing)況做出精(jing)準的(de)記錄，同時(shi)也可以確(que)保系統(tong)(tong)(tong)在運行過(guo)程中，能(neng)夠實現響應(ying)速度(du)的(de)進一步提升。

2.3 信息(xi)交互網絡(luo)化依舊信息(xi)應用(yong)集成化

在(zai)當前的數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)變電站綜(zong)(zong)合自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)系統(tong)設(she)計(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，其引入(ru)了更多先進的技術(shu)以(yi)及設(she)備，促使(shi)(shi)在(zai)進行系統(tong)研發上(shang)(shang)(shang)，有(you)更為(wei)出色(se)的運作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。比(bi)如當前在(zai)進行數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)變電站綜(zong)(zong)合自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)系統(tong)設(she)計(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，其在(zai)互感(gan)器(qi)的使(shi)(shi)用(yong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，選擇的是新型互感(gan)器(qi)，這(zhe)些互感(gan)器(qi)在(zai)工作(zuo)過(guo)程中不僅有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)低的工作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)，同時也有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)出色(se)的數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)應(ying)用(yong)表(biao)現，能(neng)夠更好(hao)的了滿足系統(tong)工作(zuo)需求，可(ke)以(yi)實現一些大電流以(yi)及高電壓到相應(ying)數(shu)字(zi)信(xin)號的轉(zhuan)換需求。

3 數(shu)字化(hua)變電站(zhan)綜合自(zi)動化(hua)系統(tong)的發展

隨著(zhu)時代的(de)(de)進(jin)步和發(fa)展，越來越多新技術引入(ru)(ru)也(ye)促(cu)使數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)變電站(zhan)綜合自(zi)動化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成為(wei)未來發(fa)展的(de)(de)必(bi)然趨勢(shi)。在(zai)當前時代背景下，隨著(zhu)更多優勢(shi)技術的(de)(de)引入(ru)(ru)，也(ye)必(bi)然會促(cu)使數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)變電站(zhan)綜合自(zi)動化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong) 在(zai)應用上，實現更多優勢(shi)技術的(de)(de)引入(ru)(ru)，提升數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)變電站(zhan)綜合自(zi)動化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)運(yun)作效果，促(cu)使其能夠(gou)為(wei)更好提升我國變電站(zhan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)運(yun)作提供(gong)切實的(de)(de)技術支撐和保障。

3.1新型(xing)高(gao)壓斷(duan)路器(qi)二次系統的引入(ru)

在實(shi)現數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)站(zhan)綜合(he)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)計上，新(xin)型(xing)高壓斷(duan)路器二(er)次(ci)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是采用(yong)微機(ji)、電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子技術和(he)(he)(he)新(xin)型(xing)傳(chuan)感(gan)器建立起(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)，斷(duan)路器系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)性由微機(ji)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、IED和(he)(he)(he)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)軟件(jian)來(lai)實(shi)現， 保(bao)護和(he)(he)(he)控制(zhi)命令可以(yi)通過(guo)(guo)光纖網絡到達(da)非常規變電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)回路系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，從而實(shi)現與斷(duan)路器操(cao)作機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)接口。通過(guo)(guo)該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)入(ru)，實(shi)際(ji)上為達(da)成數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)控制(zhi)提供了(le)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)基礎支撐和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)障。該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在使(shi)用(yong)上，有較為出(chu)(chu)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)線性度，在實(shi)現上，也可以(yi)實(shi)現輸出(chu)(chu)信號和(he)(he)(he)IEC的(de)(de)(de)直接接口。該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)入(ru)，簡化(hua)(hua)(hua)了(le)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計，卻(que)使(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)價值得以(yi)提升。未來(lai)，隨著越來(lai)越多(duo)新(xin)技術的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)入(ru)，也必(bi)然促使(shi)我國在數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)站(zhan)綜合(he)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)研發上，取得更為出(chu)(chu)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)成績，促使(shi)其(qi)能(neng)為改善我國變電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)日常運營和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)，提供更為出(chu)(chu)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)效(xiao)益支撐。

3.2 綜合自動(dong)化軟件系(xi)統的搭載(zai)

在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)字化(hua)變(bian)電站綜(zong)合自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，其中(zhong)綜(zong)合自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)軟(ruan)件系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。通過該技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引入，確(que)保在(zai)(zai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)建上(shang)，能(neng)(neng)夠借助(zhu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)軟(ruan)件系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用，更(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)達成自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong) 控制目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。目前(qian)我國在(zai)(zai)綜(zong)合自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)軟(ruan)件系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用上(shang)，相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)不(bu)斷發(fa)展(zhan)，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)水平也得(de)到了(le)不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)提升。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種背景下，也為更(geng)好(hao)(hao)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)數(shu)(shu)字化(hua)變(bian)電站綜(zong)合自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)構(gou)建提供了(le)切實的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)件系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)支(zhi)持。通過這(zhe)種方(fang)式，對于改(gai)善(shan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)用效益，出(chu)色(se)提升系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)管(guan)理效果起到了(le)幫助(zhu)和(he)支(zhi)撐。在(zai)(zai)綜(zong)合自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)軟(ruan)件系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)上(shang)，其過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)主(zhu)要是智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，諸如遙控閉(bi)鎖裝(zhuang)置、自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)事(shi)件以及數(shu)(shu)據(ju)記錄、相應(ying)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分析、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)報、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)開關(guan)(guan)等。通過這(zhe)些自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引入，確(que)保系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)夠實現(xian)更(geng)為出(chu)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)操作(zuo)，更(geng)好(hao)(hao)改(gai)善(shan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性能(neng)(neng)，確(que)保系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用能(neng)(neng)夠出(chu)色(se)達成智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)理目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

4 安科瑞Acrel-1000變電站綜合自動(dong)化系統

4.1方案綜(zong)述

Acrel-1000變電站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)綜合自動(dong)化(hua)監控(kong)(kong)系統在邏(luo)輯功(gong)能上由(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)控(kong)(kong)層(ceng)(ceng)、間(jian)隔(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)設備(bei)(bei)組(zu)成(cheng)，并用分(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)、開放(fang)式網絡系統實(shi)(shi)現連(lian)接。站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)控(kong)(kong)層(ceng)(ceng)設備(bei)(bei)包括監控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)機，提(ti)供(gong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)內運行的(de)人機聯系界面(mian)，實(shi)(shi)現管理控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)間(jian)隔(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)設備(bei)(bei)等(deng)功(gong)能，形成(cheng)全站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)監控(kong)(kong)，并與遠方監控(kong)(kong)、調度通信；間(jian)隔(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)由(you)若干個(ge)二(er)次子系統組(zu)成(cheng)，在站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)控(kong)(kong)層(ceng)(ceng)及站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)控(kong)(kong)層(ceng)(ceng)網絡失效(xiao)的(de)情況下，仍能獨(du)立完成(cheng)間(jian)隔(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)就地監控(kong)(kong)功(gong)能。

針對工程具體情況，設(she)計方案(an)具有高可靠性，易于擴充(chong)和友好(hao)的(de)人機(ji)界面，性能價格比優越，監(jian)控系統由站(zhan)控層和間隔層兩部分(fen)組成，采(cai)用(yong)分(fen)層分(fen)布式(shi)網(wang)絡結構，站(zhan)控層網(wang)絡采(cai)用(yong)TCP/IP協議的(de)以太網(wang)。站(zhan)控層網(wang)絡采(cai)用(yong)單網(wang)雙機(ji)熱備(bei)配置。

4.2應(ying)用場所：

適用于公共(gong)建筑、工(gong)業建筑、居(ju)住建筑等各行(xing)(xing)業35kV以下電壓等級的用戶端配、用電系統運行(xing)(xing)監視和控制(zhi)管理。

4.3系統(tong)結(jie)構

4.4系(xi)統功能

4.4.1 實時監測

Acrel-1000變電(dian)(dian)站綜合自動化系統，以配電(dian)(dian)一次圖的形式直觀顯示配電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路的運(yun)行(xing)狀態，實時監測(ce)各回路電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流、功(gong)率、功(gong)率因數等電(dian)(dian)參(can)數信(xin)息(xi)，動態監視各配電(dian)(dian)回路斷路器、隔離(li)開關、地刀(dao)等合、分閘狀態及有關故障、告警(jing)等信(xin)號。

4.4.2 報警處理

監控系(xi)統具有事故(gu)報警(jing)功(gong)能。事故(gu)報警(jing)包括(kuo)非正常操作引起(qi)的斷(duan)路器(qi)跳閘和保護裝置動作信號；預告報警(jing)包括(kuo)一(yi)般設備變位、狀(zhuang)態異常信息、模擬量(liang)或溫度量(liang)越限等。

1）事故(gu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)。事故(gu)狀(zhuang)態方(fang)式時，事故(gu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)立即發出音(yin)響報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)（報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)音(yin)量(liang)任(ren)意(yi)調節），操作(zuo)員工作(zuo)站的顯示(shi)畫面上用顏色(se)改變并閃爍表示(shi)該設備變位，同(tong)時彈窗顯示(shi)紅色(se)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)條(tiao)文，報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)分為(wei)實時報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)和歷史(shi)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)，歷史(shi)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)條(tiao)文具(ju)備選擇查詢并打印的功(gong)能。

事故報(bao)警(jing)通過手(shou)動，每次確認一次報(bao)警(jing)。報(bao)警(jing)一旦確認，聲音、閃光(guang)即停止。

次(ci)事(shi)故報(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)發(fa)生階段，允許下一個報(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)信號進入(ru)，即次(ci)報(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)不覆蓋上一次(ci)的(de)報(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)內容。報(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)處理具備在主計(ji)算機上予以定義或退(tui)出的(de)功能。

2）對每(mei)一測(ce)量(liang)值(zhi)（包括計算(suan)量(liang)值(zhi)），由(you)用戶序列設置四(si)種規定的運行限值(zhi)（物理(li)下限、告(gao)警下限、告(gao)警上(shang)限、物理(li)上(shang)限），分別定義作(zuo)為預告(gao)報警和事故(gu)報警。

3）開關事故(gu)跳(tiao)閘(zha)到次數或(huo)開關拉閘(zha)到次數，推出報警(jing)信息，提示用戶檢修。

4）報警方式。

報(bao)警方式(shi)具(ju)有(you)多(duo)種表現形式(shi)，包括彈窗、畫面閃(shan)爍、聲(sheng)光報(bao)警器、語音、短信、電話(hua)等(deng)但不限(xian)于以上(shang)幾種方式(shi)，用戶根據自(zi)己(ji)的需要添加或修(xiu)改報(bao)警信息。

4.4.3 調節與控制

操作員對需(xu)要控(kong)(kong)制的電氣(qi)設備進(jin)行控(kong)(kong)制操作。監控(kong)(kong)系統具有操作監護功能(neng)，允許監護人員在操作員工作站上實施監護，避免誤(wu)操作。

操作(zuo)控制分為四級：

第(di)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，設備(bei)就(jiu)(jiu)地檢修控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。具有(you)優先(xian)級的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)權。當操作人(ren)員將就(jiu)(jiu)地設備(bei)的遠方/就(jiu)(jiu)地切換開關(guan)放在就(jiu)(jiu)地位置時，將閉鎖(suo)所有(you)其他控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功能(neng)，只進行現場操作。

級(ji)控(kong)制，間隔(ge)層后備控(kong)制。其與第(di)三級(ji)控(kong)制的切換(huan)在間隔(ge)層完成(cheng)。

第三級(ji)控制(zhi)，站控層控制(zhi)。該級(ji)控制(zhi)在操作員(yuan)工作站上完成，具有遠方/站控層的切(qie)換。

第四級控制，遠(yuan)方(fang)控制，優先級。

原則上間隔層控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)設(she)備就(jiu)地控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為后備操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)或檢修操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)手段。為防止誤(wu)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)任(ren)何控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)下(xia)都需采用分步(bu)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，即選擇、返(fan)校、執行，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)站級層設(she)置操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)員、監護(hu)員口令及線路代碼，以(yi)確保操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的性和(he)正確性。對任(ren)何操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，保證只有(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上一(yi)次操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)步(bu)驟完成后，才進行下(xia)一(yi)步(bu)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。同一(yi)時(shi)間只允(yun)許一(yi)種控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。

納入控制的設備(bei)有(you)：35kV及(ji)以下斷路器；35kV及(ji)以下隔離開關(guan)及(ji)帶電(dian)動機構的接地開關(guan)；站用電(dian)380V斷路器；主變壓器分接頭；繼電(dian)保護裝置的遠(yuan)方復歸及(ji)遠(yuan)方投退(tui)連(lian)接片(pian)。

3）定時(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)。操(cao)作(zuo)員對需(xu)要控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)電氣(qi)設(she)備進行定時(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作(zuo)，設(she)定啟動(dong)和關閉時(shi)(shi)間，完成定時(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)。

4）監控系統的控制輸(shu)出(chu)。控制輸(shu)出(chu)的接點為(wei)無源接點，接點的容量(liang)對直流為(wei)110V（220V）、5A，對交(jiao)流為(wei)220V、5A。

4.4.4 用戶權限管理

系統設置了用戶(hu)權(quan)限管(guan)理功能，通過用戶(hu)權(quan)限管(guan)理能夠防止未經授權(quan)的操作系統可(ke)以定(ding)義不同操作權(quan)限的權(quan)限組（如管(guan)理員(yuan)(yuan)、維護員(yuan)(yuan)、值班員(yuan)(yuan)組等），在(zai)每(mei)個權(quan)限組里添加用戶(hu)名和密碼，為系統運行、維護、管(guan)理提(ti)供可(ke)靠的保障(zhang)。

5 系統硬件(jian)配(pei)置(zhi)

6 結論

隨著(zhu)時代的進步和發展，在變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)開發上，數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)綜(zong)合自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)全(quan)新(xin)的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案。通過數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)綜(zong)合自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的引入(ru)，可以減(jian)少變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)作人員(yuan)的管理(li)壓力，釋放(fang)人工(gong)， 在實現(xian)管理(li)效率改善的同時，也提升了管理(li)的精準性(xing)。為(wei)(wei)此，數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)綜(zong)合自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)必然是我國未來變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)的核心主流趨勢。我國在該領域(yu)要充分重視相(xiang)應自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)以及智能技術的深入(ru)研發，促使我國在數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)上，取得研發效果(guo)。

參考(kao)文獻(xian)

[1]徐煥忠.變電站綜合自動(dong)化系統的相關問題(ti)研(yan)究與應用[J].工(gong)程技術 研(yan)究，2017(10)：128-129.

[2]司欣茹.數字化(hua)變(bian)電站綜合自動化(hua)系統的發展.

[3]安科瑞企業(ye)微(wei)電網(wang)設計與(yu)應用(yong)手冊(ce)2022.05版(ban)．

作(zuo)者介紹(shao)：

簡婷，女，現任(ren)職于安科瑞電氣股份有限公(gong)司，主要研究變電站(zhan)綜(zong)合自動化系統、電力監(jian)控系統解決方案(an)