簡婷

安科瑞電氣股(gu)份有(you)限公司 上海嘉定 201801

一(yi)、電氣(qi)火(huo)災監控(kong)系統的(de)概念及原理簡介

1.電氣火災(zai)監(jian)控(kong)系統的概念

   GB14287-2005電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)監控系統二部分(fen)中又規定，電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)監控探(tan)(tan)測器以(yi)探(tan)(tan)測參數區(qu)分(fen)有“剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)監控探(tan)(tan)測器”和“測溫式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)監控探(tan)(tan)測器”兩種(zhong)。

   可見，剩余(yu)電(dian)流和溫(wen)度是(shi)電(dian)氣火災(zai)防范的*點，也就是(shi)電(dian)氣火災(zai)監控(kong)系(xi)統所(suo)要監測的對象。

2.剩余(yu)電流式電氣火災監(jian)控系(xi)統原(yuan)理

   剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)監控(kong)系(xi)統的(de)檢測(ce)元件(jian)是探測(ce)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)互(hu)感器(qi)，相(xiang)線(La,Lb,Lc)和(he)中性線N同(tong)時(shi)、同(tong)向穿過(guo)它的(de)一(yi)次(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)。當(dang)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Ia=0時(shi)，互(hu)感器(qi)二次(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)沒有感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。當(dang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路發生(sheng)接地故障(zhang)時(shi)，剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不再等(deng)于零(ling)，此時(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)二次(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)產(chan)生(sheng)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)U和(he)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這些信號被送至(zhi)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)監控(kong)探測(ce)器(qi)，經放大、A/D轉換、CPU對變化(hua)的(de)幅值(zhi)進行分析(xi)、判斷，并與(yu)報警(jing)設定(ding)值(zhi)進行比較，一(yi)旦超出設定(ding)值(zhi)則(ze)發出報警(jing)信號。

3.測溫(wen)式電氣火災監控(kong)系(xi)統原理

   在(zai)《電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災(zai)監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)統》中(zhong)包(bao)含(han)了(le)“測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)式(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災(zai)監(jian)(jian)控探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)”。它的檢測(ce)元件(jian)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)長約數米的測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)線(xian)，將測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)線(xian)纏繞在(zai)需要監(jian)(jian)測(ce)的物體(ti)上，如銅(tong)芯導線(xian)、插接母線(xian)、配電(dian)箱等。當被監(jian)(jian)視部位溫(wen)(wen)度達到報(bao)警(jing)(jing)設定值(zhi)時，探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)應在(zai)40s內發出報(bao)警(jing)(jing)信號。這個報(bao)警(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)度是(shi)可調(diao)的，一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)55℃~140℃之間。測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)式(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災(zai)監(jian)(jian)控探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)和剩余電(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災(zai)監(jian)(jian)控探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)共用一(yi)(yi)臺(tai)監(jian)(jian)控主機，組成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個完(wan)整的系(xi)統。

二、剩余電流(liu)式(shi)電氣火災監控系(xi)統組成

   剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統如圖1所示。系(xi)(xi)統主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)由剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災監(jian)控(kong)(kong)探(tan)(tan)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災監(jian)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)機以及(ji)系(xi)(xi)統總線(xian)組成。剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采用矩形窗口(kou)設(she)計，方便電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜或銅排穿線(xian)。在不(bu)(bu)同等級的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)回路上，對(dui)剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)相(xiang)同的，只是(shi)窗口(kou)尺寸不(bu)(bu)同。對(dui)于(yu)改造工程(cheng)，適合(he)選用開口(kou)型的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(由兩半扣合(he)),這樣可以盡量不(bu)(bu)觸動(dong)原來(lai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(柜)的內部導線(xian)和(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件布(bu)置。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的是(shi)，穿過(guo)檢測(ce)元化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的只能是(shi)三根相(xiang)線(xian)和(he)(he)一根中(zhong)性線(xian)，保護(hu)線(xian)(PE線(xian))和(he)(he)保護(hu)中(zhong)性線(xian)(PEN線(xian))是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能穿過(guo)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的。剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)根據框(kuang)架電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可分(fen)為100 A,225 A,400 A等幾種，它的額定漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)也是(shi)可調的，分(fen)300 m A,500 m A,800 m A等。互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過(guo)R W 3×1.0電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜連接到探(tan)(tan)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上。

   探測器的作用是接收(shou)、分析互感器傳送來的信(xin)號(hao)，并在有(you)漏電發生時進(jin)行報警。

   電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過總(zong)線(xian)與探(tan)測(ce)(ce)器(qi)連接(jie)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過現(xian)場總(zong)線(xian)向探(tan)測(ce)(ce)器(qi)發出巡檢命令，接(jie)收探(tan)測(ce)(ce)器(qi)的(de)狀態信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(報警(jing)(jing)、故障、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路失電(dian)(dian)、剩余電(dian)(dian)流數值(zhi)),當主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)監測(ce)(ce)到常信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)時，進行聲光(guang)報警(jing)(jing)并(bing)顯示相應(ying)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)和信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)類型(xing)。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)還可通(tong)(tong)(tong)過RS485通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊口將(jiang)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)傳(chuan)給(gei)圖(tu)形顯示系統(tong)，圖(tu)形顯示各種信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)，并(bing)將(jiang)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)數據儲(chu)存(cun)在其數據庫中，以備日(ri)后查詢。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)放(fang)置在消防控(kong)制室或有人員24h值(zhi)班(ban)的(de)場所。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)可以通(tong)(tong)(tong)過通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊總(zong)線(xian)連接(jie)到火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)自(zi)動報警(jing)(jing)控(kong)制器(qi)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監控(kong)成為火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)自(zi)動報警(jing)(jing)系統(tong)的(de)一個組成部分。

   目(mu)前有(you)些(xie)電氣(qi)火災探測(ce)器能夠(gou)同時(shi)監測(ce)剩余電流和溫(wen)(wen)度，以JHA/DT-T4型綜(zong)合式電氣(qi)火災探測(ce)器為例，它同時(shi)可監測(ce)8路剩余電流信號(hao)和2路溫(wen)(wen)度信號(hao)，并且測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)線的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度有(you)2m～8m幾(ji)種(zhong)。這種(zhong)具備(bei)綜(zong)合功能的(de)產品，在設計和使(shi)用上都比(bi)較(jiao)方便和經濟。

三、電(dian)氣火災監控(kong)的分級保護(hu)原則(ze)

1電(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災監控(kong)系(xi)統的定義

   根(gen)據(ju)用電(dian)負載及線(xian)路情況，通常(chang)把低壓配電(dian)線(xian)路分(fen)為電(dian)源總進(jin)線(xian)、干線(xian)、分(fen)支線(xian)及所連接的(de)用電(dian)設備(bei)三(san)級，線(xian)路較(jiao)簡單的(de)可分(fen)為二級。由于每一(yi)*的(de)正常(chang)泄露電(dian)流(liu)都不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)，另(ling)外每一(yi)*故障時切斷電(dian)源所造(zao)成的(de)影響(xiang)也不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)，所以需(xu)要(yao)選(xuan)擇不(bu)同額定動作(zuo)電(dian)流(liu)、不(bu)同動作(zuo)特性的(de)探(tan)測器。

   以采用(yong)三級保護方式的民(min)用(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)配電線路為例(li)，其分級保護示意圖如圖2所示。

   三級(末(mo)級)是分支線及其用(yong)電(dian)設備(bei)。這(zhe)(zhe)里的(de)用(yong)電(dian)設備(bei)是指照明裝置(zhi)、空調、計算機及其他電(dian)器等。這(zhe)(zhe)一*的(de)保(bao)護(hu)目的(de)主要是防止(zhi)人身(shen)觸(chu)電(dian)。通常選用(yong)額(e)定(ding)剩余動(dong)作電(dian)流(liu)小于300mA,動(dong)作時間小于0.1s的(de)剩余電(dian)流(liu)探(tan)(tan)測(ce)器，而且探(tan)(tan)測(ce)器應能夠發出信號切斷受控點的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)。

   二級(ji)是(shi)干(gan)(gan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)火災的(de)(de)保護。這(zhe)里(li)所謂干(gan)(gan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)指它的(de)(de)始(shi)端至各分支(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)一段較長的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路。這(zhe)一*探測器的(de)(de)額定剩(sheng)余(yu)動作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)應(ying)選(xuan)為(wei)正常(chang)泄(xie)露電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)2倍，一般約在300mA～500mA。由于干(gan)(gan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源被(bei)切(qie)斷(duan)的(de)(de)影響較大，這(zhe)一*剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)探測器一般只用來(lai)報警，不用來(lai)聯動切(qie)斷(duan)受控點(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

   二級大一些(xie)，一般選(xuan)取為0.5A~1A。這(zhe)個值也應為電源總進線(xian)正(zheng)常泄露電流的2倍左右。

   重*線路，包括(kuo)消(xiao)防、安(an)(an)防、應急電(dian)源、通道照明線路及不容(rong)許停電(dian)的重要場所(suo)，根據規范規定，安(an)(an)裝純報警式剩余電(dian)流探測(ce)器，報警但不切斷電(dian)源(不控制(zhi)脫扣),既保證了用電(dian)安(an)(an)全又(you)保證了供電(dian)的不間斷性。

   測(ce)溫式電(dian)氣(qi)火災(zai)監(jian)(jian)控探(tan)測(ce)器一(yi)般設(she)置在二級，監(jian)(jian)測(ce)包括(kuo)線纜在內的低壓配電(dian)裝(zhuang)置中關(guan)鍵部位的溫度(du)，采用(yong)接(jie)觸式布(bu)置法。當被檢測(ce)對(dui)象為絕緣(yuan)體(ti)時，宜將(jiang)探(tan)測(ce)器的溫度(du)傳感器直接(jie)設(she)置在被探(tan)測(ce)對(dui)象的表面。當被檢測(ce)對(dui)象為配電(dian)柜(ju)內部的溫度(du)變化(hua)時，宜靠(kao)近發(fa)熱部件，采用(yong)非(fei)接(jie)觸式布(bu)置。

四、安科瑞電氣火災監控系(xi)統

1概述

   Acre1-6000電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災監控系統(tong)(tong)，是根據中(zhong)(zhong)*的消防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產(chan)品試驗(yan)認(ren)證，并且均通(tong)過嚴格(ge)的EMC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容試驗(yan)，保證了該系列產(chan)品在(zai)低壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的安全正常運行(xing)，現均已批量生產(chan)并在(zai)全國得到(dao)廣泛地(di)應用。該系統(tong)(tong)通(tong)過對(dui)剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫度(du)和(he)(he)故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧等信號(hao)的采集與監視，實現對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災的早(zao)期預防(fang)和(he)(he)報警，當必(bi)要時還(huan)(huan)能(neng)聯動切除(chu)被(bei)檢測到(dao)剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、溫度(du)和(he)(he)故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧等超標的配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路;并根據用戶的需求，還(huan)(huan)可以滿足與AcreIEMS企業(ye)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網管理云平臺或火(huo)災自動報警系統(tong)(tong)等進行(xing)數據交換和(he)(he)共(gong)享。

2應用場合

   適用(yong)于智能樓宇、醫院、高層公寓、賓館、飯店(dian)、商廈、工礦企(qi)業(ye)、石油化工、文教衛生、金融(rong)、電信等(deng)領域。

3系統結(jie)構

4系統功能

（1）監控設備(bei)(bei)能接收多臺探測器的(de)(de)剩(sheng)余電流(liu)、溫度(du)信息，報(bao)警時(shi)發出聲(sheng)、光報(bao)警信號(hao)，同時(shi)設備(bei)(bei)上紅(hong)色“報(bao)警”指示燈亮(liang)，顯示屏指示報(bao)警部(bu)位(wei)及報(bao)警類(lei)型，記(ji)錄(lu)報(bao)警時(shi)間，聲(sheng)光報(bao)警一(yi)直(zhi)保持，直(zhi)至按(an)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)“復(fu)位(wei)”按(an)鈕或觸(chu)摸(mo)屏的(de)(de)“復(fu)位(wei)”按(an)鍵遠程對(dui)(dui)探測器實現復(fu)位(wei)。對(dui)(dui)于聲(sheng)音報(bao)警信號(hao)也可以(yi)使用觸(chu)摸(mo)屏“消(xiao)聲(sheng)”按(an)鍵手(shou)動(dong)除。

（2）當被(bei)(bei)監測回路(lu)報警(jing)時，控(kong)制輸出(chu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)閉合，用于(yu)控(kong)制被(bei)(bei)保護電(dian)路(lu)或其他(ta)設備，當報警(jing)除后，控(kong)制輸出(chu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)釋放。

（3）通訊故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)報警(jing)(jing)：當監控(kong)設備(bei)與所接的任(ren)一臺(tai)探(tan)(tan)測器之間發(fa)生(sheng)通訊故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)或(huo)探(tan)(tan)測器本身發(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，監控(kong)畫面(mian)中(zhong)相應的探(tan)(tan)測器顯(xian)示(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)提示(shi)，同時(shi)設備(bei)上(shang)的黃色(se)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)”指示(shi)燈(deng)亮，并發(fa)出(chu)(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)報警(jing)(jing)聲(sheng)音。電源故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)報警(jing)(jing)：當主電源或(huo)備(bei)用電源發(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，監控(kong)設備(bei)也發(fa)出(chu)(chu)聲(sheng)光(guang)報警(jing)(jing)信(xin)號并顯(xian)示(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，可(ke)進(jin)入相應的界面(mian)查看詳細(xi)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)并可(ke)解除報警(jing)(jing)聲(sheng)響。

（4）當發生(sheng)剩余電(dian)流、超溫報警或通(tong)訊、電(dian)源故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，將報警部位、故(gu)障(zhang)信息(xi)、報警時(shi)間等信息(xi)存儲在(zai)數據庫(ku)中，當報警解除(chu)、排除(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，同樣予以記錄。歷史數據提供多種(zhong)便捷(jie)、快速的查(cha)詢方法。

5配置方案